What a wallet file isNot a purse. A file holding the private keys that let you spend what the chain already records as yours. Lose the file and the coins stay on the chain, out of reach. Recover the file and the keys come back with it.
Wallets we see most oftenBitcoin Core wallet.dat, Electrum .json files, Armory, Daedalus, the app data behind Exodus and Atomic, and the browser-extension vaults MetaMask and Trust Wallet keep inside a Chrome or Firefox profile.
Deleted, formatted, wipedEach leaves a different amount behind. A delete normally leaves the file whole until the space is claimed again. A quick format swaps the index and little more. A full overwrite, or TRIM on an SSD, leaves nothing at all. Fragments still count: part of a wallet file is sometimes enough to lift individual keys out of it.
Where our work has to stopWe cannot reverse a transaction, retrieve coins sent to a scammer, or trace and hand back stolen funds — nobody can. A wallet belonging to someone else stays shut, and proof of ownership is asked for every time. Nor can a seed phrase be invented: recovery reaches only what the media still holds.